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Some of the names are in old Scots or English and further research is underway to identify them. These were in use in Scotland up until the end of the 17th century and were used for hunting and in battles.

Bowis is the old spelling of bows and dorlochis means quivers. Also called jackit looked a bit like a modern flak jacket and was lined with metal plates.

Any lead ball that penetrated it would be flattened like a dumdum bullet and was less likely to cause critical injury.

From the mid 16th century, basket hilt swords were in common use in Scotland. The idea of a basket to protect the hand first came to England and then Scotland from Scandinavian and German sword makers.

By the mid 17th century, ribbon baskets were being made in large quantities and by the turn of the 18th century, the Highland basket was reaching its full pattern.

With the addition of the final rear wrist guard at the time of Culloden, it had fully matured. All basket hilt swords after were of military pattern.

These were essential weapons for the Highlanders and the favourite fighting method was with a broadsword in one hand and a targe shield on the other arm.

The Ancient Scottish Weapons had this to say: The broadsword first appears in formal record in Scotland inwhen, along with the Lochaber axe and the Jedburgh staff, it constitutes part of the equipment of the levies then called out by the Convention of Estates, From to a “ribbit gaird” often appears as the ” essay” of the armourers of Edinburgh, but in it was changed to ” ane mounted sword, with a new scabbard and an Highland guard.

Many of the Scottish basket-hilted swords have Ferara blades, but this does not necessarily imply that they are older than the period indicated. Nothing is certainly known of the swordsmith originally using the designation of Andrea Ferara, beyond the excellence of the blades that bear his mark by right.

He is said to have been an Italian armourer of the last quarter of the sixteenth century, and to have also established an armoury in Spain. But this is probably a mere inference, from the fact that the cognomen of the artificer is by some supposed to have been derived from the town of Ferrara in Italy, and by others from the town of Feraria in the north of Spain.

It may be of some significance that the name of Ferreira is still common in Spain, and that, while Ferara sword-blades are almost unknown in Italy, the largest and finest collection of them in existence is to be found in the Royal Arsenal at Madrid.

The name ” Andrea Ferara em Lisboa ” occurs on a sword in the possession of Brodie of Brodie and there is a sword stamped with the words ” O.

Cromwell L. Prokter,” which also bears the armourer’s mark “Andrea Ferara,” and the name of the German town Solingen.

They all have straight guards except the two which the artist has placed in the hands of the first Colin of Glenurchy and the first Earl of Argyle, which have the guards curved towards the point. Picture of a sheath dress code crossword We suggest you order Color Swatches to view colors in person. The more affluent Highlanders would keep the dirk in a sheath often with one or more smaller knives or a knife and fork held by smaller sheathes.

The date usually attributed to the original Andrea is too early for the majority of the sword-blades bearing the designation, and the probability is, that the ” Ferara ” blade was manufactured by various armourers in different places to supply the demand created, in the first instance, by their superior excellence.

Picro Ferara, Cosmo Ferara, and Giovanni Fuerara, are signatures occasionally found on sword-blades, and it is quite in accordance with what is known, in other cases, that the original name Andrea should have been continued through several generations of armourers after it had become famous.

This is the old plural for culverin which was a piece of artillery that had the same calibre and fired the same size shot as cannons but was a quarter to a third longer than a cannon.

The rate of fire of such guns was very slow, possibly about 10 shots an hour and the gunnery was frequently inaccurate. It’s reported that in the English Civil War, a small culverin blasted away “most of the night and day.

The weight of the shot – iron or even stone balls – was just under 7 kgs and the weight of the powder needed to propel it was just over 8 kgs.

Each cannon needed a team of horses and men to get it into position and operate it and the culverin needed eight horses and up to 50 men.

The Biodag pr: beedak or dirk was a long stabbing knife up to 50cms long which was ideal for close quarter fighting and would be held behind the targe as mentioned above.

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The more affluent Highlanders would keep the dirk in a sheath often with one or more smaller knives or a knife and fork held by smaller sheathes.

After the uprising, many broadswords were cut down and made into dirks. The sheath would often be hung round the Highlander’s waist or attached to a special dirk belt – the criosan biodag pr: creeshan beedak.

The Ancient Scottish Weapons had this to say: The Highland Dirk is distinguished from all other weapons of the same kind by its long triangular blade, single-edged and thick-barked; and by its peculiar handle, cylindrical, without a guard, but shouldered at the junction with the blade, the grip swelling in the middle, and the pommel circular and flat-topped.

The fashion of carrying a knife and fork in the side sheaths is at least as old as the time of Charles I. Mr Boutell instances “a beautiful dagger, now the property of Mr Kerstake, that appears to have been worn by King Charles I.

The earliest mention of the dirk as a customary part of the Highland equipment, occurs in John Major’s notice of the dress and armour of the Highlanders, written inin which he says that they carry a large dagger, sharpened on one side only, but very sharp, under the belt.

In the previous century Blind Harry refers to the custom of carrying a Scots Whittle under the belt. Describing the meeting of Wallace with the son of the English Constable of Dundee, he makes the Englishman address him thus General Wade mentions the custom of swearing on the dirk, which came to his notice among the Clan Cameron and others who followed their example in putting down the practice of taking Tascall money, or a reward given in secret for information regarding stolen cattle.

This oath they take upon a drawn dagger, which they kiss in a solemn manner, and the penalty declared to be due to the breach of the said oath is to be stabbed with the same dagger; this manner of swearing is much in practice on all other occasions to bind themselves to one another.

Halbard The halberd or battle-axe was a Swiss invention which was a combination of spear and axe on a long handle.

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It was a direct descendant of the old Gallowglass two-handed, 12 inch bladed axe and was particularly effective against horsemen since the foot soldier could cut and thrust with it.

The Ancient Scottish Weapons had this to say on axes: The Axe is one of the earliest of weapons.

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The war-axe of iron, in its earlier forms, differed in no respect from the same implement used as a tool. The earliest form of the weapon-tool is a common axe-head longer and narrower in the shank than those now in use.

Such axes are depicted as weapons in the Bayeux tapestry. War-axes of a later time were furnished with prolongations in the line of the shaft and hammers or spikes on the hack of the blade.

The Jedhurgh Staff was a long-handled axe with a curved or crescentic blade, with or without a back-spike.

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The Lochaber Axe had an elongated blade usually rounded at the upper end, and the staff was furnished with a hook on the end. The axe and “broggit staff” appeared in as the equipment of those who were not archers.

In the weaponshaws of halberts appear along with two-handed swords. The Lochaber Axe and the Jeddard Staff appear in in company with the broadsword.

In it was appointed that seventy-two men in each regiment should carry halbards, and in Lord Lorne requests a supply of partisans, from the store at Aberdeen, for the equipment of his regiment of Life Guards.

Pistol – dag pr: daag – was much handier than the long flintlock musket of the time which was too large and cumbersome for war.

Scottish flintlock pistols were unique in that they were all steel and they were very popular weapons with the Highlanders.

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Many drawings of Highlanders show a couple of pistols tucked into their belt and a powder horn hanging round their neck.

They also carried a leather pouch which contained the lead shot. With the old pistols you could only fire one shot and then the gun had to be reloaded.

If you were in a battle, you couldn’t ask your enemy to hang on whilst you reloaded, so the Highlanders would throw them away as soon as they’d fired them and then charged with their other weapons – broadsword, dirk and targe.

Their reasons for throwing them away rather then tucking them back in their belts were very practical – if they won the battle they could always come back and find them.

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If they lost the battle, they could run away a lot quicker without being weighed down by them. Like most other portions of the Highland equipment they arc always remarkable for the excellence of their manufacture and the beauty of their decoration.

A Mr Glen has a wheel-lock pistol of the time of Charles I on which the armourer’s mark is a pair of bagpipes and the initials C. Logan states that the manufacture of pistols was commenced at Doune about by Thomas Guide who had learned his trade at Muthil.

One of his apprentices, John Campbell, also became a famous maker. John Murdoch succeeded him. Campbell’s and Murdoch’s pistols are more common than Caddell’s.

Bissett occurs frequently on Highland pistols in the Tower Armoury. A less known maker is Jo.

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A brace of his pistols are in the collection of Sir J. Noel Paton, U.

They have ram’s horn butts, and are of such extraordinary beauty of design, delicacy of workmanship, and perfection of condition, that Sir Noel says of them in his ” Private Catalogue ” so often quoted in the pages of this work” I have nowhere seen pistols more, or indeed so, beautiful as these.

Speris of sex elnis land. Spears of six elns long. Eln was another name for the old measurement an ell. An English ell was 45″ long 1. Powder horns from the Ancient Scotish Weapons The Highland Powder Horn is distinguished from all others by its peculiarities of form and ornament.

It is made from a neat’s horn, flattened, and fitted with a wooden bottom, and a plug for the mouth, which is frequently also encircled with a mounting of lead.

The estimation in which these highly decorated objects of home manufacture, – the designing and engraving of which was wholly of individual effort – may be inferred from the mottoes they bear, if not from the careful work and original character of the designs.

One commemorates a friendly gift, another records the owner’s declaration The famous two-handed sword, the Claymore, claidheamohmor – great sword first made its appearance around and was developed by the Hebridean Gallowglass warriors.

This early Highland version measured between 53 and 60 inches overall. About 90 years later came a new version with a slightly shorter blade of between 51 and 57 inches.

This was developed by the Redshanke mercenaries who fought throughout Europe, but by then, musket power was becoming the new weapon of war. The overall length of the Lowland two-handed sword was between 53 and a massive 75 inches.

The Life of a Long Sword: the blade would be commissioned from Solingen in Germany by a particular Gallowglass warrior. Solingen blades were very expensive but a blade of such quality could last years.

After its arrival in Scotland, the blade would be given to one of the many sword cutlers of The Isles and assembled with a Scottish made hilt to the old specification.

After its use as a long sword, probably by about the mid 17th century, it would have been ground down and fitted with a basket. When its life as a broad sword was over it would have been further modified and would probably have ended up as a dirk.

The blade lengths would have been as follows: Long sword – 40 inches.

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Broad sword – 32″. Dirk – 17″.

Gordon of Rothiemay refers to them in the middle of the seventeenth century, as still used by some of the Highlanders of Aberdeenshire, while others used the broadsword.

The pictures of the Campbells of Glenurchy in the ” Black Book of Taymouth,” drawn about the end of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century, represent them and their followers with two-handed swords.

In the inventory of the “geir” left by Sir Colin Campbell at Balloch and Finlarig inthere is And in another inventory of there is a two-handed sword specified as “gilt with gold,” The swords represented in the pictures of the ” Black Book” were probably drawn from the originals in the armoury at the time.

They all have straight guards except the two which the artist has placed in the hands of the first Colin of Glenurchy and the first Earl of Argyle, which have the guards curved towards the point.

The two-handed sword first appears in the weapon-shaws of the first-half of the sixteenth century. Sghian Dubh.